CONTACT INFORMATION
Office:	210 Kalkin  FIND OFFICE
Phone:	656-3177
E-Mail:	shirland@bsad.uvm.edu
Office Hours:	By appointment or by appointment

Publication History

Journal Article, Academic Journal

• Shirland, L. E. - "A Comparison of Evaluation Techniques for Decision Analysis Involving Large Attribute Sets" (Refereed) - Journal of Applied Business Research, - 2006 - v. 22, no. 2, pp. 25-38 [View publication] [Show/Hide Abstract]
  Abstract: This study investigates the effectiveness of two multi-attribute evaluation techniques under conditions of high information load that is caused by large attribute sets. One hundred and sixty-five respondents were randomly assigned to two groups: the first one used a holistic, point allocation-based method to evaluate a list of 20 job attributes, while the second employed a triad-based technique that decomposed the evaluation task. The results suggest that the decomposed method produced more reliable results and was deemed easier to use, even though it took longer to complete the task.
  
• Iacovou, C. L.; Thompson, R. L.; Shirland, L. E. - "Job Selection Preferences of Business Students" (Refereed) - Journal of Applied Business Research, - 2004 - v. 20, no. 1, pp. 87-98
• Shirland, L. E.; Jesse, R. R.; Thompson, R. L.; Lacovou, C. L. - "Determining attribute weights using mathematical programming" (Refereed) - OMEGA: The International Journal of Management Science - 2003 - v. 31, no. 6, pp. 423-437 [View publication] [Show/Hide Abstract]
  Abstract: Group decisions are an important element of successful knowledge management in organizations. Such decisions are difficult to make, however, especially when they involve a large set of attributes that require decision-makers to develop rankings. This paper presents a goal programming model for determining constrained regression estimates of attribute weights. The model is developed using pair-wise comparison ratings that are derived by using triads of the attributes. In addition, metrics are presented for measuring individual and group consensus. A specific application to the health care industry is presented to illustrate results that are obtained from the model.
  
• Shirland, L. E.; Manock, J. - "Collaborative Teaching of Integrated Product Development: A Case Study" (Refereed) - IEEE Transactions on Education - 2000 - v. 43, no. 3, pp. 343-348 [View publication] [Show/Hide Abstract]
  Abstract: This paper presents a case study of a successful collaborative effort to design and implement a multidisciplinary course entitled integrated product development. It demonstrates that cross-college collaboration among faculty is possible with little outside support or incentives, In this instance, the desire of colleagues from different disciplines to learn from each other was a prime motivator. In addition to developing an actual product that satisfies an identified need, an important part of the course involves providing feedback to both the team and the individual as to how they are functioning and interacting. One way this is accomplished is through an exercise called "crises design". A post-mortem of this impromptu problem quickly introduces students to positive and negative aspects of their team dynamic while presiding metrics for evaluating future team interaction. Individual team member metrics are provided throughout the semester by summarizing the results of two peer reviews with the student. Specific examples of both these concepts are discussed
  
• Shirland, L. E.; Thompson, R. - "The Revolutionary Growth of Internet Business and its Management Implications" (Refereed) - Industrial Management, - 2000 - v. 42, no. 2, pp. 26-33
• Shirland, L. E.; Jesse, R. R. - "Assessing A State's Political Climate For Business Development And Growth" (Refereed) - Business Journal - 1999 - v. 14, no. 1 & 2, pp. 15-20
• Shirland, L. E. - "Acceptance Sampling Plan Design With Specified Producer's and Consumer's Risk Using A Microcomputer" (Refereed) - Industrial Engineering - 1997 - v. 19, no. 6, pp. 27-33
• Kraushaar, J. M.; Shirland, L. E. - "Using Issue/Impact/Probability (I2P) Analysis to Facilitate Large and Diverse Group Meetings" (Refereed) - Engineering Management Journal - 1994 - v. 6, no. 4, pp. 36-46
• Kraushaar, J. M.; Shirland, L. E. - "A Prototyping Method for Application Development by End Users and Information System Specialists" (Refereed) - MIS Quarterly - 1985 - v. 9, no. 3, pp. 189-197 [View publication] [Show/Hide Abstract]
  Abstract: A prototyping development method is presented here which has the potential to reduce the growing application development backlog. Prior research and our findings indicate that a prototyping process can assist in the efficient development of application systems by breaking a complex problem into several comprehensive parts. A state-transition model of the IS development process is presented and discussed. A two-prototype method is explained in the context of this model. Two projects are described which are typical of development efforts made by end users in a microcomputer environment and IS specialists in a main frame environment.
  
• Polczynski, J. J.; Shirland, L. E. - "Considering Dogmatic Thinking When Developing Training Strategy For Microcomputer Use By Managers" (Refereed) - The Journal of Data Education - 1985 - v. 25, no. 3, pp. 11-13
• Kraushaar, J. M.; Shirland, L. E. - "Prototyping Information Systems on Microcomputers: A Design Philosophy for Engineering Management" (Refereed) - Engineering Management International - 1985 - v. 3, no. 2, pp. 73-84
• Shirland, L. E.; Polczynski, J. J. - "Dynamic Management Communication Exchange: A Mathematical Model of Information Flow Through the Johari Window" (Refereed) - Journal of Management Studies, - 1984 - v. 1, no. 1, pp. 21-27
• Shirland, L. E. - "Computerized Dressage Scheduling" (Refereed) - Interfaces: A TIMS ORSA Journal - 1983 - v. 13, pp. 75 - 81 [View publication] [Show/Hide Abstract]
  Abstract: Management science techniques are used to schedule classes, riders within classes, and judges among classes for dressage competitions. The procedure for scheduling judges is presented in detail. To date 16 nationally recognized competitions have been scheduled using these computerized procedures.
  
• Polczynski, J. J.; Shirland, L. E. - "Determining Readiness of Hospital Administrators to Accept Management By Objectives" (Refereed) - Hospital Administration - 1983 - v. 20, no. 3 & 4, pp. 138-147
• Shirland, L. E. - "Service Technician Scheduling With Timing Constraints and Stochastic Demand" (Refereed) - International Journal On Policy And Information - 1983 - v. 7, no. 1, pp. 69-78
• Parke, E.; Schermerhorn, J. J.; Shirland, L. E. - "An Empirical Evaluation of Repeatable Testing as a Technique for Improving Management Education" (Refereed) - Academy of Management Journal - 1981 - v. 24, no. 2, pp. 432-438
• Shirland, L. E.; Schermerhorn, J. R. - "Hospital Administrator Felt Needs for Interorganizational Cooperation and Actual Cooperative Outcomes by Their Hospitals" (Refereed) - Decision Sciences - 1981 - v. 12, no. 3, pp. 486-501 [View publication] [Show/Hide Abstract]
  Abstract: This paper presents an empirical analysis of the determinants of interorganizational cooperation among hospitals. Hospital administrator felt needs for programs of interhospital cooperation and actual cooperative outcomes by their hospitals are examined. A combination of survey and archival data is used to test several research hypotheses. Results support separating the interorganizational activities of hospitals into those related to medical and those related to ancillary service areas. Felt needs to cooperate in both service areas are influenced by administrators' concerns for hospital autonomy and image in interorganizational relations. Perceived availability of cooperation partners affects felt needs to cooperate only in the area of medical services. Actual levels of cooperative activity in medical services are related to perceived manpower resource scarcity, historical levels of cooperation, and concerns for hospital image in interorganizational relations. In ancillary services, actual levels of cooperation were related to perceived financial resource scarcity, historical levels of cooperation, and perceived availability of cooperation partners. Felt needs to cooperate were not associated with actual cooperative outcomes in either service area. The results contain implications for future research into the decision processes that give rise to interorganizational relationships of cooperation.
  
• Shirland, L. E.; Polczynski, J. J. - "Student Dogmatism in Business Administration: Concern for Open Mindedness in Decision Making, Course Success and Satisfaction" (Refereed) - Management Education and Development Journal - 1981 - v. 12, no. 2, pp. 116-132 [Show/Hide Abstract]
  Abstract: two-part study was completed. In part one, an introduction to business course was structured to enhance the open-mindedness of 86 college students. In part two, effects of dogmatic thinking with 57 business administration majors enrolled in a business policy course were analysed with respect to course success, and satisfaction with course structure and instructor directiveness. Results indicated that open-minded thinking can be fostered in a business course environment. Additionally, while it appeared that participation in a general business curriculum creates a climate tending toward more open-mindedness, effects of dogmatism hampers overall academic success. Implications for open-mindedness and decision making in the business environment are discussed
  
• Shirland, L. E.; Gatti, J. F. - "An Application of a Multi-Tour Routing Problem" (Refereed) - Proceedings: 1980 Spring Annual Conference - American Institute of Industrial Engineers - 1980 - no. April, pp. 329-334
• Polczynski, J. J.; Shirland, L. E. - "Expectancy Theory and Contract Grading Combined as an Effective Motivational Force for College Students" (Refereed) - Journal of Educational Research - 1977 - v. 70, no. 5, pp. 238-241 [View publication] [Show/Hide Abstract]
  Abstract: Referenced in "Contracts and Completion Rates in Correspondence Study" by Disilvestro & Markowitz, Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 75. No. 4, March/April 1982, pp. 218-221. Referenced and Summarized in "Human Behavior Reports Business", Human Behavior, Vol. 6, No. 1, December 1977, pp. 64 & 84.
  
• Singer, R. M.; Polczynski, J. J.; Shirland, L. E. - "Motivating Students: Contract Grading and the Case Brief", " (Refereed) - Business Law Review - 1977 - v. 10, no. 2, pp. 14-24
• Saniga, E.; Shirland, L. E. - "Quality Control In Practice: A Survey" (Refereed) - Quality Progress - 1977 - v. 10, no. 5, pp. 30-33 [Show/Hide Abstract]
  Abstract: Referenced and summarized on pages 560,563,564, & 588 in Production and Operations Management, 2nd Edition by Everett Adam, published by Prentice Hall, Inc., 1984. Quoted in Introduction To Statistical Quality Control on pages 339 and 495 by Douglas C. Montgomery, published by John Wiley, 1985.
  
• Shirland, L. E.; Inoue, M. |. - "Market Share Prediction Using Single Factor Information Channel ModelS" (Refereed) - Journal of the Market Research Society - 1974 - v. 16, no. 1, pp. 33-41
• Shirland, L. E. - "Market Share Prediction Using Single-Factor Information Channel Models - A Reply" (Refereed) - Journal of the Market Research Society - 1974 - v. 16, no. 3 , pp. 252-253
• Shirland, L. E. - "State Diagrams for Queuing" (Refereed) - Journal of Systems Management - 1974 - v. 25, no. 6, pp. 40-43
• Shirland, L. E. - "Applying Information Theory to Man Machine Systems" (Refereed) - Journal of Systems Management - 1973 - v. 24, no. 7, pp. 38-41

Book, Textbook-New

• Shirland, L. E. - "Statistical Quality Control: With Microcomputer Applications" (Refereed) - Statistical Quality Control: With Microcomputer Applications - 1993 - pp. Textbook

Conference Proceeding

• Shirland, L. E. - "An Investigation of Judgment-Based Comparisons to Elicit Preferences in Large Attribute Set Evaluations" (Refereed) - Decision Sciences Institute (DSI) - 2007 [Show/Hide Abstract]
  Abstract: This paper examines the use of judgment-based comparisons to elicit the preferences of individual decision-makers when evaluating large attribute sets. It introduces a novel, quad-based comparison method for conducting such evaluations. This paper describes an experimental investigation that will assess the effectiveness and efficiency of this method by comparing its outcomes to those of pairwise and triad-based comparisons.
  
• Kraushaar, J. M.; Shirland, L. E.; Chittenden, N. B.; Rohr, R. E. - "Assessment and Assurance of Learning" - Society for Applied Learning Technology (SALT) - 2007 [Show/Hide Abstract]
  Abstract: Schools and colleges face challenges in outcomes assessment and assurance of learning to ensure continuous improvement and quality assurance in curriculum delivery. We discuss the integrated approach taken by one public university to develop metrics for assessing outcomes. Both indirect and direct measures are discussed. We focus on a mix of over-the-counter products and homegrown software applications for Continuous Quality Improvement and assessment.
  
• Thompson, R. L.; Iacovou, C. L.; Shirland, L. E. - "Job Selection Attributes: Priorities for Information Systems Students" (Refereed) - Proceedings, ISOneWorld Conference - 2003 - v. April,
• Shirland, L. E.; Thompson, R. L.; Iacovou, C. - "Determining Attribute Rankings in Group Decision Making: An Exploratory Study" (Refereed) - ISONEWORLD Conference - 2002 - v. April,
• Shirland, L. E.; Thompson, R. - "Viewing Business-to-Business Electronic Commerce as an Innovation: Issues for Management" (Refereed) - Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology - 1999 - v. 1, pp. 193 [View publication] [Show/Hide Abstract]
  Abstract: Electronic commerce is creating a revolution in the way companies conduct business. E-commerce allows a company to streamline operations by integrating external systems and back-end processes, handle purchasing, order fulfillment, sales, marketing, and payment functions, and brings together enterprise systems, e-mail flexibility, and Web technology. Companies find that it is cost effective and efficient and, since it is still in its infancy, a strategic advantage can be gained. Here, the authors describe how, by interfacing external and internal business processes, it allows companies to streamline operations and cut overhead costs. The management of E-commerce innovation is considered by the authors in this paper.
  
• Shirland, L. E.; Jesse, R. R. - "Prioritizing Customer Requirements Using Goal Programming" (Refereed) - Annual Quality Congress Proceedings - 1997 - v. 51, no. 1997, pp. 297-308 [View publication] [Show/Hide Abstract]
  Abstract: Comparative attribute analysis (CAA) is a technique for determining priority weights in quality function deployment (QFD) studies. QFD transforms customer needs or attributes into product requirements and specifications, and CAA can help identify the relative values of the attributes. CAA analysis involves pairwise comparisons of n attributes on a nine-point scale, with 1 corresponding to no preference between the pair and 9 corresponding to extreme preference for the second attribute in a given pair. Determining the priority weights is a problem in goal programming for which the constraints have the form wk - wj = 0, where wk and wj are the weights for pairs (j,k) of the n attributes. This paper provides an example using five attributes and ten pairs of comparisons. Two customers rate the ten pairs, producing a matrix from which the goal programming model can be built. A degree of consensus emerges from the model, based on four factors: number of attributes, number of customer raters, priority weights from each rater, and combined priority weights from all raters. An alternative to the CAA method is the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). It generates eigenvectors from the customer ratings. The AHP method has the advantage of producing hierarchies, but the CAA approach is more accurate than AHP.
  
• Shirland, L. E.; Jesse, R. R. - "Prioritizing Customer Requirements Using Goal Programming" (Refereed) - ASQC's 51st Annual Quality Congress Proceedings (American Society for Quality Control) - 1997 - no. May, pp. 297-308
• Shirland, L. E.; Jesse, R. R. - "Prioritizing Strategic Issues Using Quadratic Goal Programming" (Refereed) - Innovation in Technology Management - The Key to Global Leadership. PICMET '97: Portland International Conference on Management and Technology - 1997 - v. July, pp. 528-531 [Show/Hide Abstract]
  Abstract: Many techniques have been used to develop priorities, or weights, for a set of decision-making factors. These include multidimensional scaling, regression analysis, analytic hierarchy process, mathematical programming and Logit. In this paper, the 'factors' are considered to be the relevant decision issues in strategic planning. A quadratic goal programming approach for determining the weights for a set of strategic issues is presented. The procedure starts with pair-wise comparison ratings that are derived by using triads of the issues.
  
• Durham, D.; Shirland, L. E. - "Integrated Product Development and Management: A Permeable Boundary Provides An Integrated Educational Experience" (Refereed) - Proceedings - 1994 - no. June 26-29,
• Kraushaar, J. M.; Shirland, L. E. - "Abstract: Impact/Probability: Measuring Consensus Using Goal Programming" (Refereed) - ORSA/TIMS Joint National Meeting, Technology & Innovation in a Global Economy Section - 1992
• Kraushaar, J. M.; Shirland, L. E. - "A Group Decision Support System for Large Group Processes" (Refereed) - Proceedings of the Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Tech - 1991 - no. Oct 27-31, pp. 17 pp. [View publication] [Show/Hide Abstract]
  Abstract: Summary form only given. Impact/probability (I/P) is a process for structured group discourse with the purpose of exchanging ideas, viewpoints, and values on controversial and significant issues that participants perceive might have direct/indirect consequences to themselves or the organizations they represent. The primary element of this process is the measurement and graphical presentation of the individual opinions that group members exhibit with respect to impact and probability for a collection of related issue. Issues are topics open to dispute with respect to their definition and resolution. Impact is a measure of the significance to a group member of the potential outcomes that may occur as a result of an issue. Probability is the member's perceived likelihood that an issue will have one or more of its outcomes occur within a specified time frame. The process has proven to be a valuable tool for focusing the attention of moderate to large groups on an issue under discussion and for moving toward consensus. In particular, the I/P process has been used at a state-wide conference on solid waste
  
• Kraushaar, J. M.; Shirland, L. E. - "Abstract: A Group Decision Support System for Large Group Processes" (Refereed) - Abstract: A Group Decision Support System for Large Group Processes - 1991 - no. October,
• Shirland, L. E.; Kraushaar, J. M.; McIntosh, B. R.; Posey, P.; Gurdon, M. A. - "Impact Probability: A Group Decision Support Process" (Refereed) - Proceedings of the First International Meeting of Decision Sciences Institute - 1991 - pp. 138-141
• Bozon, G.; Polczynski, J. J.; Shirland, L. E. - "Closed Minded Decision Making: Reduction During Management Training for Hospital Supervisors" (Refereed) - Southwest AIDS Conference - 1984
• Kraushaar, J. M.; Shirland, L. E. - "Prototyping a Management Information System Using an Integrated Software Development Package for Micro Computers" (Refereed) - 26th International Symposium on Applications of Microcomputers - 1984 - pp. 122-126
• Shirland, L. E. - "Multi Tour Scheduling With Stochastic Demand" (Refereed) - National AIDS (American Institute Of Decision Sciences) Conference - 1981 - v. 2, pp. 281-283
• Shirland, L. E. - "An Application of a Multi Tour Routing Problem" (Refereed) - AIIE (American Institute Of Industrial Engineers) Spring Annual Conference - 1980 - pp. 329-334
• Shirland, L. E. - "Multi Tour Scheduling for Service Technicians" (Refereed) - AIDS (American Institute Of Decision Sciences) Annual Conference - 1980 - pp. 157-159
• Parke, E.; Shirland, L. E. - "The Prospects for Worker Centered Quality Control in a High Technology Industry: A Case Study" (Refereed) - 1st Annual Meeting of the American Society for Engineering Management (ASEM) - 1980 - pp. 85-92
• Parke, E.; Schermerhorn, J. R.; Shirland, L. E. - "An Experiment with Repeatable Testing in an Introductory O.B. Course" (Refereed) - Thirty-ninth Annual Academy of Management Meetings - 1979 - v. Proceedings,
• Shirland, L. E. - "Cost Estimation Using Learning Curves" (Refereed) - Boston International - 1978 - v. 78, no. 5, pp. 24-30
• Shirland, L. E. - "Dynamics of the Johari Window: A Simulation" (Refereed) - 1977 Winter Simulation Conference, National Bureau of Standards - 1977 - v. 1, pp. 396-401 [Show/Hide Abstract]
  Abstract: A simulation of the dynamics of management behavior through the Johari Window is studied. A mathematical model is developed utilizing the concepts of Markov chains. Strategies for behavior modification are simulated. Results are presented which show that information flows between panes of the window and by interacting with barriers between panes, desired changes can be effected.